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Photosynthesis and Respiration Study Guide

Photosynthesis

• Why? To convert sunlight energy to chemical energy
• Whom?

            1. All green plants (Plant Kingdom),

            2. photosynthetic bacteria,

            3. plant-like protists (algae)

• Where? Leaves(organs), specifically chloroplasts
• When? During daylight/sunlight (even on a cloudy day)
• What? Chloroplasts [are making food/glucose]; “Mean green photosynthesizing machines”

Define Photosynthesis. “The Putting Together With Light”

• Producers/autotrophs - organisms that can make their own food.
• We get so much from the process of photosynthesis:  food, clothing medicines, wood, oxygen, paper, pencils, flowers, and so much more!

Respiration/Aerobic Respiration

• Why To produce ATP
• Whom? All aerobes (organisms that use oxygen); producers and consumers

1. Plants

 2. Animals

 3. Some bacteria

 4. Protists

5. Some fungi

• Where?  Mitochondria
• When? Constantly
• What? Food/glucose is being broken down to release energy

Define respiration. The metabolic processes whereby certain organisms obtain energy from organic molecules; processes that take place in the cells and tissues during which ATP energy is released and carbon dioxide and water is produced.

Fermentation/Anaerobic Respiration

• Why? To produce ATP
• Whom? All anaerobes (organisms that do not use oxygen)

            1. Yeast/fungi

            2. Some bacteria

• Where? Cytoplasm
• When? Constantly
• What? Food/glucose [is being fermented]

Define fermentation. Fermentation is a process by which food is broken down

without oxygen, in living organisms, to produce ATP.

• What industries use fermentation?                 

            1. Baking (CO2)

            2. Brewing (Alcohol and CO2)

            3. Dairy (Lactic Acid)

• What are the reactants ? One sugar (C6H12O6) (and a ATP investment).
• What are the products of fermentation? ATP and [CO2, alcohol] OR [ lactic acid]

Consumers/heterotrophs - organisms that must obtain food sources from other organisms.

• Herbivores - eat only plants
• Carnivores - eat only meat
• Omnivores - eat both plants and meat
• Scavengers - organisms that eat dead organisms
• Decomposers/Detritivores - Break down organisms, “nature’s recyclers”

• Arrows point towards the organism obtaining energy or eating!

Metabolism - The chemical processes that occur within a living organism in order to maintain life.

Enzymes - Help speed up chemical processes by breaking substances apart or putting substances together.

• Use my blog, review worksheets and other assignments
• Use the textbook, pgs. 83-87